足球運動傷害及預防對策：文獻回顧

Sports injuries and preventive strategies of football athletes: a systematic review

目的：足球在國際上是非常大眾的運動。近年為了提升國內足球的運動風氣，政府已在基層下了許多的努力，除了增加參加人數外，提升運動傷害相關知識也非常重要。俗話說預防勝於治療，為了使選手能夠健康且長久的享受足球運動，教練跟選手皆須具備運動傷害相關的知識。方法：本文透過華藝線上圖書館與PubMed文獻資料庫搜集、統整及回顧國內外足球傷害之相關文獻，以常見的運動傷害、球員位置不同的比較、訓練及比賽負荷和傷害預防策略，藉此四項觀點進行探討以及剖析。結果：足球運動主要遭遇的傷害部位為下肢，根據球員在球場上的位置分布會引發不同類型的運動傷害，且根據訓練課表及比賽的休息間隔時間也會影響負荷程度。結論：足球的運動傷害主要成因與運動期間的運動表現有直接的關聯，教練需因應球員狀態進行調整課表外，也需增加傷害預防的訓練課表來提升運動員身體素質及降低受傷率。

 

Purpose: Football is the most popular sport among various countries. In recent years, the government has irrigated at grassroots levels to influence the whole nation. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of injury risk factors in football athletes, that make up for the lack of knowledge about football injuries among players and coaches. Methods: To discuss and analyze the common injury, position injury comparison, training & competition loads and injury prevention in the article, this study collects, conducts, and reviews the studies nationally and internationally through PubMed and Airiti Library. Results: The study shows that (1) lower extremity injuries had the most prevalence in footballers. (2) Injuries are variously due to player positions. (3) The intensity in training and the break between game to game affect the level of loads. Conclusions: Injury in football is related to the performance during games and training, therefore coaches should make some adjustments and come up with some preventive programs due to players’ states, not only increasing players’ physical level but also decreasing injury rate.