運用視域融合哲學觀點從遊戲本質詮釋遊戲治療歷程

Interpreting the Process of Play Therapy from the Essence of Play Using the Philosophical Perspective of Fusion of Horizons

遊戲治療越來越受到重視，遊戲的本質包含自由、自主、創造、美以及內在語言經驗的樣貌。本文透過高達美詮釋學的視域融合，指出遊戲者與遊戲的第一層視域融合，以及遊戲者與治療師或親子遊戲治療之受訓照顧者的第二層視域融合。治療師要在兩層次視域融合中不斷的貼近、對話及循環，以協助遊戲者在接觸當下時間的意識流中，形成一個帶著過去及未來經驗流的意義，從而達到遊戲治療的目的。在治療的視域融合中，建議作法為：（1）治療師勿過度把自己的創造及自主性放入遊戲，使遊戲者自由及創造力被壓抑；（2）若讓遊戲者在遊戲中擁有無限上綱的自由度，會使視域融合失去對話的空間；（3）讓遊戲者能被允許有容錯容亂的空間；（4）讓遊戲場域有冒險空間，培養遊戲者積極的感覺，表達出原不為人所知的情感路徑。透過視域融合機制，讓遊戲者在遊戲場域開放自己，經歷自主性的自由，貼近內在語言、探索情緒，進而達到視域融合的開放性。遊戲治療存在的多元理論與實務運作，治療師應持開放但保留的態度，反思自己的位置，及審視自己的習慣，而採納有限的觀點與做法，謙卑地開啟未來遊戲治療的更多可能、方式及知識的開展。

 

Play is one of the important assets to mankind. The essence of play characteristic includes freedom, autonomy, creativity, beauty, and image that show human inner language experiences. Through Gundam’s interpretation of the theory of knowledge, the fusion of horizons, the article builds two levels of fusion of horizons models: the first-level fusion of horizons model between the player and the play field, and the second-level model between the player and the therapist or the trained companion. In the process of both fusion of horizons models, continuous closeness, and dialogue and circulation, play therapy has formed a meaningful healing ability with the stream of consciousness that exists in the present time along with the past and future experience streams, and achieves the purpose of play therapy goals. The therapist should handle cautiously during the process of play therapy. In order to make the therapy process meaningful, some suggestions from the article are summarized as follows: (1) The therapist should be careful not to put their own creativity and autonomy into the game too much, so that the players themselves can play freely and creativity won’t be suppressed in the game; (2) The unlimited degree of freedom in the game makes the vision of the therapist and the child merge into an invalid dialogue; (3) Allow players a space where errors and disarray are permissible ; (4) There is space for adventure in the game field, which could cultivate the player’s positive feeling, and the player might express the previously unknown emotional path from the game world. Through the fusion mechanism, the player could open himself and have the opportunity to experience the freedom and autonomy from the play, and touch the phenomenon of inner voice to explore the emotions of the player and see the self-appearance. There should be an open and reserved attitude towards the other innovated methods of game therapy in epistemology. In the existing play therapy framework, we should learn from knowledge models and think about whether we are accustomed to controlling this play therapy performance by the own way. The performer of therapy framework should humbly open up the many possibilities, methods and knowledge development of future game therapy.