「憂鬱世代」青少年的失敗恐懼與幸福感：自我效能的中介角色

Fear of Failure and Well-Being in Adolescent: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

不同世代的演進與社會的快速變化，常影響著青少年的身心發展與心理健康。2021年臺灣媒體專題報導稱當前的青少年為「憂鬱世代」；國際學生能力評估計劃（PISA）2018年的跨國比較新增調查青少年對於「失敗恐懼」的心理狀態。本研究了解青少年失敗恐懼、自我效能與幸福感間的關係，並進一步探討自我效能在失敗恐懼與幸福感間的中介角色。研究資料以PISA 2018年臺灣地區的資料進行次級資料分析，共包含7,243位15歲的青少年，採用AMOS 20.0版統計軟體進行分析。研究結果發現，失敗恐懼與自我效能間有顯著的負相關，自我效能與幸福感間有顯著的正相關，而自我效能在失敗恐懼與幸福感之間，扮演完全中介的角色。整體而言，失敗恐懼高的學生，對自己在面對困境時的能力有較低的信念，但透過自我效能的提升，可緩和失敗恐懼對幸福感的負面影響，提升青少年的幸福感。

Adolescents’ physical and mental well-being are often influenced by generational evolution and rapid societal changes. Featured as a “Depressed Generation” by the local media, the youth in Taiwan have demonstrated “Fear of Failure”, a psychological state, in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 cross-country comparative survey. This study investigated the relationship between fear of failure, self efficacy and well-being, and further explored the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between fear of failure and well-being. With AMOS 20.0 being used for statistical analysis, secondary data analysis is employed using data collected from the PISA 2018 international assessment, including a total of 7,243 15-year-old adolescents in Taiwan. The results suggested a significant negative correlation between fear of failure and self-efficacy, as well as a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and well-being, indicating self-efficacy played a critical mediating role between fear of failure and well-being. Overall, students with a high fear of failure have lower beliefs about their ability to face adversity. However, the enhancement of self-efficacy can alleviate the negative impact of fear of failure on well-being, improving the well-being of adolescents.