吃草的馬兒才能跑：德國專門高等學校教授聘任困境之剖析

A Good Horse Is Worth His Fodder: An Analysis of the Crisis of Recruiting Professors at Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany

本文透過文件分析法，探究德國專門高等學校之教授聘任困境，該類型學校自肇建之初，即以「不同類型但等值」之高等學校為發展定位，積極結合地方經濟發展、培育高級應用型人才，並進而創造出傳奇性辦學成果，可惜現今面臨著教授後繼無人的困境。此因教授之聘任條件，需兼具卓越學術能力／豐富實務工作經驗之高要求，而其薪資卻遠低於綜合性大學教授且無學術助理編制（柏林除外），甚至前者的教學工作負擔為後者之三倍。為能解決專門高等學校教授後繼無人的困境，已提出博士學位授予權、互助方案、合聘教授等對策；但若未能根本改善教授之工作條件，不僅會產生前述困境，甚至會發生高等教育體制趨同之學術漂移危機、無法為學子提供多樣化教育需求。若想要繼續發展專門高等學校辦學之成功模式，應大幅改善教授之相關待遇，畢竟，「吃草的馬兒才能跑」。

In this study document analysis was used to investigate the current difficulty universities of applied sciences (UAS) in Germany are having in hiring professors. Established on the principle of “different but equal,” UASs have been recognized as a highly successful combination of vocational education and local economic development. However, UASs are presently finding it difficult to appoint new faculty members, who are required to have both excellent academic credentials and extensive work experience. Moreover, UAS faculty earn much less than their counterparts at comprehensive universities, yet have a teaching load which is about three times higher, and UASs do not provide research fellowships (apart from Berlin). Despite the adoption of such measures as the establishment of Ph.D. programs and tandem programs, and the appointment of adjunct faculty, without improvements in remuneration and an overhaul of the basic working conditions, the faculty shortage at UASs is certain to persist, thereby accelerating the ongoing process of academic drift, and ultimately reducing the diversity of higher education in Germany. The final analysis embodied the saying, “A good horse is worth his fodder.”