高校扩招背景下欧洲高等教育与劳动力市场关系的变化趋势

Changes in Relationships between Higher Education and the World of Work in the Process of Expansion of Higher Education: Recent European Experiences

在高等教育规模扩张的进程中，深入理解高等教育与劳动力市场之间的关系势在必然。自20世纪90年代中期以来，欧洲就从比较的视角迈出了开展毕业生综合调查的第一步。本研究的目的是探讨随着近年来欧洲大学毕业生的增加，毕业生比较调查的结果是否在学业、胜任力、就业等方面呈现出明显的变化趋势。研究结果表明，欧洲高等教育规模在十年间扩张了近一半，这并未对大学毕业生就业造成显着影响。但是，由于调查问卷的较大变化，无法分析高等教育和劳动力市场关系的变化趋势。只有研究者确保收据收集手段的一致性，对毕业生就业状况进行时序比较，才能得到有价值的结论。

In the process of expansion of higher education, a more complex understanding of the relationships between higher education and the world of work was inevitable. As a consequence, surveys on graduate employment did not concentrate anymore merely on employment and remuneration in “elite” positions, but also addressed the job requirements and the utilization of knowledge in less privileged positions. Moreover, graduate surveys were designed to provide “food for thought” for universities considering curricular reform. In Europe, first steps were taken since the mid-1990s to establish such complex surveys on comparative basis. The aim of this analysis is to explore whether these recent comparative graduate surveys show a clear trend as far as changes of study, competences, employment and work of graduates in Europe due to the growth of graduation rates expansion is concerned. The findings suggests that an expansion of about 50 percent within a decade has not led to substantial changes of graduate employment and work. However, the trend analysis hampered by substantial changes in the questionnaires employed. Comparative time- series analysis of graduate employment and work can yield valuable results as long as researchers strive for convergent approaches of information-gathering.