产业与人力资源结构双调整背景下的大学生就业－ 一个历史和比较的视角

Employment in the Background of Dual Reconstruction of the Industry and Human Resource Structure: A Historical and Comparative Perspective

工业革命以来，人力资源积累对于经济增长的先导作用在长期来看是成立的；但是从各国高等教育发展和经济追赶的历程来看，如果没有产业结构的适时调整，从“人力资源追赶”到“经济赶超”必然存在一定的时滞，结构性就业问题因此产生。本文以经济史的研究方法，构造了“人力资源积累－产业结构调整－经济发展”的新框架来解析新时期下高等教育发展与产业调整的引领和适应关系，并从产业结构和人力资源结构双调整的背景下重新审视大学生就业问题，就持续有效地发挥教育的先导作用提出政策建议。

Since the Industrial Revolution, the effect of human resource accumulation on economic growth is confirmed in the long run. But from the development of higher education and economic catching-up process in many counties, if there is no timely adjustment of industrial structure, there would exist a time lag in the process from “human resources catch-up” to “economy catching-up”, which leads to the employment difficulties of graduates. With the method of economic history research, we construct a three-dimension analysis framework to re-examine the employment problem of graduates, upon which we further give some policy recommendations on higher education.