我国高考加分政策演变的制度分析——基于历史制度主义的分析范式

The Transition of Extra Credit Policies in the China College Entrance Examination: The Analysis from the Perspective of Institutionalism Paradigm

本文力图从历史制度主义的分析范式入手，借鉴历史制度主义的制度作用理论和制度变迁理论分析高考加分政策的制定和演进。结果发现：制度背景在很大程度上决定了高考加分政策的产生；高考加分政策产生后的路径依赖使高考加分政策得以持续存在；而外界重大政治经济原因导致的关键节点促使高考加分政策发生改进。要想完善高考加分政策，必须立足于制度层次而不是简单的政策文本层次。

This paper tries to analyze the development and evolution of extra credit policy in the College Entrance Examination with historical institutionalism paradigm， which involved the theory about the role of institution and institutional change. The results show that: the institutional backgrounds largely result in the extra credit policy; path dependence followed by the policy makes the policy sustainable; major political and economic changes reforms the policy. This analysis demonstrates that， in order to improve extra credit policy， we must be focused on the institution level rather than policy text level.