向有差异的平等迈进——20世纪英国基础教育公平理念的嬗变

Towards a Differential Equality——The Evolution of the Equality Idea of Basic Education in England in the 20th century

教育公平是英国基础教育的重要问题。20世纪以来，对基础教育公平的诉求经历了一个曲折的历程：从消除阶级差异造成的教育机会、教育过程的不平等，到拋弃智力的遗传决定论造成的教育资源分配的不平等，到促进更大社会流动的职业成就的平等，再到现今寻求消费权和公民权的平衡，迈向有差异的平等。这一演进过程体现了英国教育公平理念嬗变的轨迹——从追求共性的平等向更加符合人的差异性的平等曲折前行。

Educational Equity is an important issue in basic education in England. Since the 20th century， the demands of equity in basic education have experienced a tortuous journey: from eliminating the inequality leading by class differences in educational opportunities and process， to abandoning the unequal distribution of educational resources caused by the intelligence of genetic determinism; and then to promoting a more great social mobility resulting in equality of occupational achievement; to today seeking the balance between consumer rights and citizen rights towards a differential equality， this is a historical progress and inevitable.