优秀中小学教师胜任特征分析

Analysis of Competencies of Excellent Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools

探索优秀中小学教师成长规律和胜任特征，对青年教师的专业发展有借鉴价值。阅读了15名优秀中小学教师的传记，提取他们在专业成长和教书育人工作中发生的典型事件，运用关键事件技术和内容分析法，依照事件主题、教师工作活动类型，对其进行分类、整理和胜任特征编码。数据分析结果表明，优秀中小学教师工作中发生的关键事件，集中表现在与学生课下交流、日常上课、上公开课、获得荣誉、撰写教学论着等方面。他们成为名师的主要途径包括坚持自学、反思总结、向名师学习、上公开课等。这些教师从教原因各异，但都有强烈的成就动机，关爱学生，通过勤奋努力变得杰出。他们具备的胜任特征，相互紧密关联，其行为模式在相似情境下具有一致性。

It can provide valuable implications for the young teachers' professional development through exploring the law of growth and features of competencies of excellent teachers in primary and secondary schools. This research analyzed biographies of 15 excellent teachers in primary and secondary schools. Critical incidents， which happened during their professional development and teaching lives， were collected and analyzed mainly by critical incident technique and content analysis. Critical incidents were sorted and classified according to their themes and activity domains， and coded by competencies as well. It was found that the majority of the critical incidents mainly happened during some activity domains， such as communicating with students after class， giving routine and open lessons， gaining honors， and writing essays and books on teaching. They became outstanding teachers by long term self-learning， making reflection and summarization， learning from models of excellence， and giving open lessons. Although the reasons why they chose to be teachers were quite different， they are all highly motivated and care for students， and won high glory in their teaching careers through working hard. Competencies of excellent teachers were closely related， and teachers performed quite consistently in some similar typical educational contexts by showing consistent behavior patterns.