世纪的转换与高等教育财政

Higher education finance at the turn of the century

世纪之交成为全球高等教育发展的巨大转折点，OECD国家高等教育的发展趋势从20世纪后期的规模扩增逐步向21世纪的质量性结构调整过渡。与此同时，发达国家的政府支出出现严重缩减，高校毕业生的就业压力也逐渐增大。在这样的背景之下，高等教育财政肩负着怎样的责任？本文将从这个问题出发，首先梳理20世纪80年代以来发达国家高等教育的变化趋势，然后分析这种变化背后的高等教育财政支持体系，最后思考21世纪初期高等教育财政所面临的困境与挑战。

The focus of higher education in OECD countries is shifting from quantitative expansion to qualitative restructuring. At the same time， governments are faced with severe financial constraints. What should be the mechanism of supporting higher education under these circumstances? To answer this question， the current study tries to survey the trends of enrollment since 1980s in developed countries， identify major patterns of financing mechanisms， and set forth critical issues for higher education financing in the first half of the 21st century.