民国时期大学哲学科系的[热]与[冷]

The Ups and Downs of University Philosophy Departments during the Republic of China

民国时期大学哲学科系的“热”是短暂的、特殊的情况，主要以五四前后的北大哲学系“热”为标志，其原因与新文化运动的影响有密切关系，但“热”的表象背后也包含某种假象。而哲学科系的“冷”则是长期的、普遍的情况，主要表现为各大学哲学科系设置少、寿命短、就读人数少、毕业后往往转行等。除了因哲学被视为深奥的、玄虚的、不切实用的学科而青年学子普遍不愿就读之外，五四以后学术潮流的变化，特别是以文史研究为主的“整理国故”运动的兴起与发展，也是造成哲学科系“冷”的重要原因。

The prosperity of philosophy departments in universities during the Republic of China was a temporary and special phenomenon， which was marked by the bloom of Philosophy Department of Peking University， and was closely related with the influence of the New Culture Movement. However， this phenomenon also included some kind of false impression. The inactivity of philosophy department was a long-term and universal phenomenon. Philosophy was seen as esoteric， mysterious and unrealistic， so young students generally did not want to choose departments of philosophy. In addition， the changes in academic fashion after the May Fourth Movement， especially the rise and development of National Heritage Reorganization Movement focused on cultural and historical research， was also an important reason why departments of philosophy received little attention.