高等教育成本回收对公平的影响

The Equity Effects of Cost—Recovery in Higher Education

本文简述了中国实行高等教育成本回收政策的发展历程，并讨论了这一政策对公平的影响。结果表明：第一，招生并轨使社会经济地位低的学生获得了更公平的接受高等教育的机会，但成本回收在一定程度上抵消了并轨所带来的公平效应；第二，在实行成本回收的条件下，由于不同收入家庭学生选择高校与专业的倾向性不同，使低收入家庭学生在高等教育公共资助的分配中处于更不利的地位；第三，实行高等教育成本回收能够促进整个教育系统中公共资源配置的结构公平。

This paper briefly summarizes the development of higher education cost—recovery policy in Mainland China and explores its equity effects on educational opportunity. Results show that（1）the merging of the dual—tracks into a single—track admission system had made higher education opportunity more equitable. However， cost—recovery mollifies such equalizing effect to some degree；（2）since students of different family backgrounds exhibit different inclination in their choice of university and field of study under cost—recovery， students from lower income families are at a greater disadvantage in the allocation of public resources for higher education；（3）cost—recovery in higher education can result in greater equity of resources allocation among different levels of education.