美国现代学生指导简述

Modern Guidance in School

在教育语境中，指导是指告诉被指导者方向和方法，是学校教育的职能之一。然而直到20世纪初，有组织、有意识地实施的概念化学生指导才出现。随后，它又经历了从职业指导到全面指导、从矫正性指导到展性指导、从个体指导到团体指导的发展历程，最终建立了指导体系，成为学校教育的有机组成部分。当前我国将学生指导概念化的需要和趋势已经凸显，美国的经验对我们具有借鉴意义。

Guidance is one means of education， by which the teacher tells students what to do and how to do. It emerged with the appearance of education but were not conceptualized and implemented consciously only until the beginning of the 20th century. After a long process─from vocational guidance to all─sided one， from rectification guidance to development one， from individual guidance to team one， the system of guidance established at last. The history of guidance and the experience is useful to us， especially when the need and trend of guidance has come into view.