德国教育投入的规模、结构及特点

The Scale, Structure and Features of Educational Expenditure in Germany

本文从规模、结构和特点这三个维度分析了德国教育投入的情况。从规模上看，近年来德国教育投入占国内生产总值的比例在连续下降，已低于OECD国家的平均水平。从结构上看，德国政府的公共教育投入是教育投入的主体，占全部教育投入的3╱4；其中，州政府和地方政府在公共教育投入中所占比例较大，超过公共教育投入的88%。从投入领域的结构来看，德国政府投入的重点领域是中小学教育及高等教育，而对学前教育和继续教育的投入力度相对较低。这些也正是德国当前教育投入的主要特点和问题。

This article analyzes the investment in education in Germany from three dimensions， its scale， structure and features. In respect of the scale， the proportion of educational expenditures in the Gross Domestic Product has dropped constantly during the last few years， which is below the average level of the OECD countries. In respect of the source of funding， the German government plays a dominate role in educational investment. In terms of investment structure， the educational funding is mainly concentrated on the primary， secondary and higher education， while the preschool education and the further education receive much less investment. These are also the main characteristics and problems of the current educational finance in Germany.