《初等与中等教育法》与美国联邦政府教育角色的变迁

ESEA and the Transformation of the Federal Role in Education

伴随(ESEA)40多年的发展，美国联邦政府在基础教育中扮演的角色也发生了三次较为明显的转变。第一次转变以的签署为标志，从此前的[局外人]转向[资源提供者]；第二次转变以1988年和1994年的重新授权为标志，由[资源提供者]转向[标准倡导者]；第三次转变以2002年的重新授权为标志，由[标准倡导者]转向[问责要求者]。

With the development of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act（ESEA）， the federal role in K-12 education has changed for three times. Firstly， the federal role changed from ‘outsider’ to ‘resource provider’ with the issues of ESEA a symbol. Secondly， with the reauthorizations of ESEA in 1988 and in 1994， the role changed from ‘resource provider’ to ‘standards sponsor’. Then it changed for the third time from ‘standards sponsor’ to ‘accountability demander’ with the reauthorization of ESEA in 2002.