俄羅斯高等教育層次結構及學位制度的改革與現狀評述

Comments on the Reform and Current Situation of Russian Higher Education Arrangement Structure and Degree System

俄罗斯高等教育的层次结构在历史上有别于其它国家，苏联时期的学位制度亦比较独特。独立后的俄罗斯不论在高教层次结构还是学位制度上都进行了大力度的改革，以顺应教育国际化的总体趋势。本文在对苏俄学位制度的沿革进行历史梳理的基础上，着重评析20世纪90年代以来俄罗斯高等教育层次结构和学位制度方面的变格与趋势。

Russian higher education arrangement structure was different from other countries in the history. The degree system in the Soviet Union was also unique. It carried out fundamental reform not only in higher education arrangement structure， but also in degree system to acclimate to the overall trend of internationalization of education since independence. Based on the study of degree system history， the article puts emphasis on the reform and trend in Russian higher education arrangement structure and degree system since 1990s.