现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育

Nation-building and Citizenship Education in the Process of Modernization

从政治的角度而言，现代化进程就是现代国家建构的过程，亦即民族国家建构和民主国家建构的过程。民族国家建构需要公民教育，通过培养公民的民族认同来对分散的社会加以整合。公民教育则通过与公民教育直接相关的公民科等学科的教学以及民族语言和民族历史的教学实现这种整合功能。民主国家建构，不仅意味着民主制度的建立与完善，而且还包含着民主观念的传播与民主意识的塑造。公民教育则通过公民科等学科的直接教学和课外实践、社区参与等途径，实现其民主化功能。各国公民教育的功能取向取决于各自现代化过程中民族国家建构与民主国家建构之间的关系演变。

Politically modernization is a process of modern nation-building， i.e. nation-state-building and democratic-state-building. Nation-state-building requires citizenship education to integrate the dispersive society through fostering national identity. Citizenship education realizes its integration function through the teaching of subjects closely related with citizenship education such as civics， national language and national history. Democracy-state-building not only means the creation and perfection of democratic systems， but also implies transmitting democratic ideas and shaping democratic consciousness. The function orientations of citizenship education depends on the changes of the relation between nation-state-building and democratic-state-building throughout the modernization process.