影子教育：国外关于课外补习的研究与启示

Shadow Education: Foreign Research on Private Tutoring and Its Inspiration

课外补习在一些国家已存在很长时间，俨然成为主流学校教育的「影子」。近20年来国外已经对课外补习做了大量的实证研究。课外补习的分布、规模、科目、强度影响因素与政府政策等方面都具有鲜明的特点，它对教育、经济和社会都产生了广泛的影响。这对我国的教育政策制定和教育研究具有一定的借鉴意义。

Private tutoring， which is a shadow of mainstream education， has been in fashion for years in some countries. A great deal of research has been conducted on this topic in recent decades. It has some unique features in coverage， scale， subjects， intensity， determinants and policy options， and it has wide impacts on education， economy and society. The study in this area can offer some inspiring implications on education policy and research in China.