教育应对自然灾害的战略选择 ─ 以日本、印度、伊朗三国为例

Strategic Options for Education Facing Natural Disaster ─ Taking Japan, India, Iran as Examples

教育是减轻灾害、保证安全的关键途径之一。日本、印度、伊朗作为自然灾害频发地区，经济水平、政治体制、社会文化各异，但是面对自然灾害，日本在全民互助中开展灾害情感教育，印度有针对性地面向实践者进行风险教育，伊朗致力于通过地震教育培育社会安全文化，这些国家都取得了明显的防灾减灾效果，充分体现出教育的重要作用以及不同国家教育的战略选择，值得考量。

Education is one of the key approaches for disaster reduction and safety assurance. As high─risk natural disaster， Japan develops disaster feeling education during citizen’s mutual help， India develops risk─education targeting field practitioners and Iran develops seismic education to cultivate social safety culture. All these have resulted in obvious effects for preventing and reducing disaster and embody important educational function and different educational strategies in different countries. They need to be studies deeply.