印度教育”保留政策”问题探析

Reservation Policy of Education in India

保留政策是印度政府为保障”落后”民族和弱势群体制定和实施的一项特殊优惠政策，其中一项规定是，为”落后”民族和弱势群体在高等教育机构中保留一定比例的名额。然而，该项政策的制定和实以及名额分配问题引起了印度社会的广泛争论，甚至引发出深刻的社会矛盾。本文重点考察了印度教育保留政策的历史发展以及由此引发的种种纷争，并试图对保留政策本身存在的问题进行客观评述。

Reservation policy of education is a policy for “affirmative action” in India context. It indicates the allocation of a certain percentage of seats to some individuals or groups on the basis of fixed criteria other than academic merit. However， the implementation of reservation policy in education， particularly in higher education has generated a polarized debate and social conflict among different peoples. The paper describes the history of the reservation policy and how it became an issue of pro─and─con debate since independence of the nation. The paper also analyzes the reasons why this policy is under questioning in recent years.