对现代学校教育的一种历史分析

A Historical Analysis of Modern Schooling

学校教育一直是教育史研究的核心问题。许多教育史学家注重历史的连续性，认为教育史就是学校从小到大，从「萌芽」到参天大树的过程。实际上，19世纪以来，学校教育已经发生了断裂性变化。现代学校决不是以往学校在规模上的扩大，它是一种全新的教育。在现代学校中，教育已经渗透在学校生活的方方面面，无论是教师的课堂教学、学校日常生活管理，还是学校建筑本身，都承载着某种教育功能，对学生的心理、身体以及行为进行塑造。

Schooling has always been the focus of the study of educational history. Most of historians emphasize the continuity of educational history， and regard educational history as the process of school growing from a seed to a big tree. The essay analyzes the changes happened in the schooling of the 19th century. It argues that modern school is by no means the simple enlargement of the ancient school， rather it is a totally new model of education. As a typical result of disciplinary society， modern school， not only transfer knowledge， but also shape the mind and body of children. Education has been penetrated in every corner of schooling， including the timetable， school building and teaching.