国外基础教育管理及财政体制改革分析

The Analyses of Administrative and Financial Reform of Primary and Secondary Education in Selected Countries

发达国家和发展中国家都不同程度地遇到了教育经费不足、经费使用效率不高、教育机会不均、教育品质低等问题。为此，各国政府积极探索改革教育管理及财政体制的有效措施，其中包括：扩大地方政府的教育统筹权；扩大学校的办学自主权；增加家长选择学校的权利和参与学校管理的机会；发展私立教育等。事实证明，政府可以采取多种方式对教育市场进行干预，包括财政、管制和公共设施建设手段，以实现公平、效率、选择和社会凝聚等多项社会目标。

Both developed and developing countries have been facing challenges of insufficient educational resources， low efficiency， unequal educational opportunity and low educational quality. The governments have been exploring various measures to solve the problems. These measures include decentralization， increasing school autonomy， increasing parents schooling choices and involvement， and developing private education etc. To achieve the goals of equity， efficiency， choice and social cohesion， the governments various adopt financial， regulative and infrastructure construction means creatively.