从政府控制到市场运作：哈耶克自由主义教育政策观的思路与困境

Social Critical Function of Higher Education: The Theory and Dilemma of Hayek’s Liberalistic View of Education Policy

20世纪80年代以来世界范围内掀起的以市场为导向的教育改革运动，是以哈耶克的自由主义理论为其教育政策的指导理论。哈耶克认为，为了实现自由价值和效率价值，政府应当从教育领域中退出，并将教育的运作及教育秩序的建立交由市场，因为国家及政府通过排他性权力的运用，可能会导致对人们自由的干预，也同时带来教育的低效率。然而，市场理念引导下的西方教育改革，也引发出有关教育的平等问题及教育终极价值追求问题。

Analyzing the evolution process of academic freedom in American universities in a cultural perspective the article concludes that in terms of spiritual culture， advocacy of liberty is the motivity of academic freedom in American universities. in terms of traditional culture， pragmatism is its very important value tropism. In terms of culture of organization and system， professional organizations， rules of law and negotiation form its system. In terms of ethic culture， academic responsibility and ethics arise from its awareness of self-discipline. Academic freedom of American universities comes from spiritual culture and develops continuously in the conflict and evolution of culture.