奖惩对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童情感决策的影响

The Effect of Rewards and Punishment on Affective Decision-Making in Children with Two Subtypes of ADHD

采用简化版儿童赌博任务，其中操纵了奖励和惩罚的强度，探察两种亚型（注意缺陷型和混合型）ADHD儿童的情感决策能力，同时采集儿童在任务中的皮肤电活动以探析ADHD儿童在情感决策中的生理机制。结果发现，在不同的奖惩强度下，ADHD儿童情感决策模式不同，在即刻奖励条件下，ADHD儿童情感决策的能力明显弱于正常对照组儿童，倾向于不利选择，所产生的预测性皮电振幅也明显低于正常对照组；在即刻惩罚条件下，ADHD儿童的情感决策能力未见异常。两种亚型ADHD儿童的表现模式相似。上述结果证明，ADHD儿童仅存在对奖励的异常敏感性，并确实影响了其决策能力，而其回避惩罚的能力正常。两种亚型ADHD儿童存在的问题相似。

Although most of the theories on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assumed that deficit in behavioral inhibition was probably the core problem of ADHD， recent studies implied that ADHD patients have aberrant sensitivity to reinforcement， such as rewards and punishment (Sergeant J et al.2000， 2005; Luman M et al. 2005)， or emotional control deficit. This aberrant sensibility hypothesis challenges the traditional view on ADHD. However， whether the patients are aberrant sensitive to r