视觉工作记忆对前注意阶段注意定向的调节

Visual Working Memory Modulates Attentional Orienting at Preattention Stage

在注意阶段，视觉工作记忆与注意共享某些特征时，视觉工作记忆内容会引导注意定向。在前注意阶段的影响又是如何？对此问题的研究却很少见，本研究采用工作记忆与基于特征的视觉搜索相结合的任务深入探讨了此问题。研究结果发现：即使在前注意阶段，注意定向也会受到视觉工作记忆自上而下的调节。然而与注意阶段不同的是：当视觉工作记忆内容与随后视觉搜索任务的目标相关时，与记忆内容匹配的搜索项目会引导注意定向到该项目所在的位置，但只有此项目作为分心物时，才会明显地延迟对靶子的加工，而此项目作为靶子时，这种影响并不明显；当视觉工作记忆中保持的项目与随后视觉搜索任务的目标无关时，注意会忽略视觉工作记忆中保持的项目，有效地检测靶子。

Working memory (WM) and attention are regarded as two of the most important cognitive faculties. WM includes many core cognitive processes such as information processing， temporary dynamic storing， and executive controlling. Attention acts as a “gatekeeper” to the information processing system for accessing external information. The interaction between WM and attention forms the central mechanism of the information processing system. Several previous studies have found that when visual working m