中国古代心理思想中的感应观念

Address-response In Ancient Chinese Psychological Thoughts

与主流心理学所采用的机械因果观念不同的是，中国古代心理思想所采用的是类似于现代物理学〝场〞概念的感应观念。其特征是：注重整体性、远距作用及象征意义。感应以关系为核心，具有主体间性、创造性、象征性。受感应观念影响，中国古代心理思想认为可以通过修养工夫恢复人心的本来状态，道家关心如何对来感者作出回应，儒家则重视以真诚的感唤起对方的应。在实践方面，人际交往之对等回报原则、与理想人格相感通的诠释途径、〝德政〞的治国理念、教学相长的教育方法、培养感性以承担责任的道德发展观，都体现了感应观念。感应观与因果观形成互补关系，可扩大心理学的视野，在异化的世界里恢复生命的意义感。

In essence， the mechanical cause-effect concept espoused by mainstream psychology is established on the principle of “physical closeness.” Under the domination of this kind of theoretical logic， mainstream psychology emphasizes part rather than whole; similarly， it stresses on entity rather than manifestation， resulting in selective ignoring， such as shutting the eyes to forms， long-distance effect， complicated phenomena， the significance of lives， etc. In this manner， there may appear disastrou