编码与提取干扰对内隐和外显记忆的非对称性影响

The Asymmetric Effect of Interference at Encoding or Retrieval on Implicit and Explicit Memory

以往研究表明在外显记忆中，编码与提取加工存在着非对称性，但在内隐记忆中，二者的关系并不明确，因此实验采用“学习-再认”范式，考察在编码或提取中分别附加的干扰任务对词汇判断或再认产生的影响。结果证实编码与提取干扰对内隐或外显记忆都具有非对称性的影响，但又存在着差异，即编码干扰会导致随后外显记忆成绩显著减少，而提取干扰对其影响较小，相反，编码干扰对随后内隐测验中启动效应的影响较小，但提取干扰会破坏启动效应，从而为内隐记忆和外显记忆的分离提供了进一步的证据。

Implicit memory and explicit memory are two distinct memory systems underlying different neural substrates. Encoding and retrieval are two important phases of memory. For explicit memory， the relation of encoding and retrieval has been investigated by many researches with divided attention paradigm. These researchers have found that the performance of a secondary task during encoding reduces the later memory performance， but dividing attention in the same way during retrieval has virtually no ef