智力结构的分化假设

The Differentiation Hypothesis of Intelligence Structure

该文探讨了智力结构随能力、年龄等个体而差异变化的可能性。认知分化假设认为，能力水平更高的人有 “更多”的智力，其智力结构中g因素的作用随IQ水平的增加而递减。年龄分化假设指出，从童年期到青年早期，g因素在认知能力中的作用随年龄的增加而减小；相反，从青年早期到成年晚期，g因素的作用递增，智力结构中其它因素的数量和重要性则递减。该领域未来的研究应当解决测量和评估工具的问题，扩大被试的能力和年龄范围。

This paper discussed the possibility that intelligence structure might be changed with individual differences such as ability and age. The cognitive─differentiation hypothesis indicates that higher─ability individuals have “more” intelligence and the effect of g factor descends with IQ increasing in their intelligence structure. The age─differentiation hypothesis states that from childhood to early maturity， the effect of g factor decreases with increasing age in cognitive ability. However， from early maturity to late adulthood， an increase in the importance of g factor and a decrease in the number and importance of the remaining abilities are predicted. Future researches in this filed should resolve the problem of measurement & assessment instruments， and extend the range of subjects’ ability and age.