心理学中话语分析的立场与方法

Discourse Analysis in Psychology: Position and Method

研究区分了两种不同的[话语]定义，它们各自引申出一类[话语分析]。最为常见的是话语的描述性定义--[话语是建构某个对象的意义、表征或陈述系统]；另一种是功能性定义--[话语即做事]；[话语即行动]；[话语即实践]。话语分析在心理学中首先是一种研究立场，其次是一类研究方法。作为研究立场，话语分析悬置了心理、人格等传统心理学构念；解构了实证研究的客观性原则；重新调整了心理学的研究目标。作为研究方法，心理学中的话语分析有修辞研究、隐喻研究、叙事研究等多种形式。

[Discourse] is primarily defined in two ways in current Psychology. The widespread definition is a descriptive model， which comes from structuralism and defines discourse as [a system of meanings， representations or statements to construct an object]. The other is a functional model， which is connected closely with post-structuralism and explains discourse as either [doing things] or actions or social practice. As an academic position， discourse analysis has laid aside many basic psychological constructs including [mind] and [identity] etc.， deconstructed the criterion of [objectivity] in positive psychology， and changed the aim of psychological research. As research methods， discourse analyses cover a variety of studies including rhetoric research， metaphor research， and narrative research， etc.