在语境中理解隐喻

隐喻是一种普遍的语言现象和言语现象，其意义是两个语义场之间的语义映射。隐喻的理解可以分两个步骤，隐喻的辨认和隐喻意义的推断。语境在隐喻的辨认和理解过程中起着非常重要的作用，语域、说话者的特征、语境的数目和人类知识的结构特征都对隐喻的辨认和隐喻意义的推断具有决定性的影响。隐喻是语言与文化联系最紧密的部分，许多深层文化内容在很大程度上通过隐喻来表达和传承。文化也是一种语境，任何隐喻都是在一定的社会文化背景下得以产生和理解的。归根结底，隐喻是一定社会文化环境的产物，不同语言文化之间在隐喻的使用上存在较大差异。

Being a phenomenon both of language and langue， metaphor is the mapping of two different registers. The comprehension of metaphor consists of the recognition and inference of metaphorical meaning. Context plays a crucial role in the recognition and comprehension of metaphor. Resistors， speaker’s characteristics， and the knowledge structure of people influence the comprehension of metaphor a lot. Culture is also a kind of context. Metaphors are a component of language that is closely linked with culture. Much of the deep culture of a language is instantiated and transmitted through the metaphors people use on a daily basis. Different languages and cultures often utilize different metaphoric expressions though they may have similar conceptual metaphors.