重塑女子典範：晚清女傳教士倪戈氏的《女四書》翻譯

Reshaping Female Model: Missionary Helen C. Nevius’s Translation of Woman’s Four Books

晚清以降，有關女性的觀念、話語隨著中國社會的變遷而不斷演變。來華女傳教士不但是這段歷史的見證者，更是借助興辦女學、組織慈善及翻譯寫著等途徑親身參與到近代中國女子典範的重塑。在進行婦女工作的過程中，女傳教士們注意到中國傳統女教書的重要作用，因其天然的教科書屬性，可以在確立行為規範的同時傳播某種意識形態，故投身於女教書的寫譯。本文以1902年女傳教士倪戈氏（Helen C. Nevius）對中國經典訓女書《女四書》的語內翻譯為研究對象，透過具體史料及文本分析，探討翻譯文本的選擇動機及其功能，並具體分析在語內翻譯的過程中儒家女性觀和基督教女性觀是如何協商，而倪戈氏最終是如何透過融合兩種女性觀，從而强化基督教文化在中國落地生根的可能性。

The discourse and ideas about women have been continuously evolving alongside the transformation of Chinese society since the late Qing Dynasty. Western female missionaries who came to China not only witnessed the vicissitudes of this history but also actively participated in the reconstruction of the Chinese woman model by establishing girls’schools, practicing philanthropy, and engaging in literature works. During their works, female missionaries recognized the significance of Chinese conduct books, as these texts convey the underlying ideology as well as prescribed codes of behavior. In response, female missionaries actively engaged in writing and translating conduct books themselves. This study will focus on the intralingual translation of the Chinese classic The Woman’s Four Books by female missionary Helen C. Nevius. Drawing on historical archives and text analysis, this paper examines the aims and functions behind Nevius’s translation. It specifically examines how Confucian and Christian Victorian ideals of womanhood were negotiated during the translation process, and how Nevius strengthened the possibility of Christian culture taking root in China by merging the two ideals of womanhood.