輕症自閉症者大專校院離校後就業情況分析

Investigation of The Employment Situation for Individuals with Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder after Leaving School in Colleges and Universities

大專校院自閉症學生人數逐年攀升，無論其智力或學歷如何，在畢業後的就業表現均不理想。旨在了解輕症自閉症者大學離校後的就業經驗與現況，以自編的「大學離校後自閉症青年就業情況追蹤調查」工具，採方便取樣，總共收回81份有效問卷。以自公立大學離校後的輕症自閉症者為調查對象，因此平均薪資較一般青年為佳，但若比較同為公立大學畢業的一般青年，他們仍舊更容易從事低技術性職類，或是計時、零工等非典型工作，且半數以上在職年資未滿一年，顯示他們多處於就業未穩定的狀態，其就業與未就業情況為3.3：1。輕症自閉症者有頻繁地更換工作的現象，且離職原因與其特質有關，包括面臨職場人際困難、難以適應工作而有壓力等；在尋職時面臨缺少求職技巧、經歷不足、對自己或工作不了解、失業時間更長、更少獲得錄取機會等困難。儘管就業困難，卻鮮少使用身心障礙者職業重建資源。可進一步研究輕症自閉症者與環境適配性不佳的原因，及如何透過職業重建給予協助。

The number of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in higher education has been increasing. Their employment rate is much lower than that of mainstream students. This study aims to understand the employment and current situations of individuals with mild ASD after leaving university. A self-developed questionnaire, survey on employment status of young adults with ASD after college, resulting in 81 valid responses. The questionnaire, ''Tracking Survey on the Employment Situation of ASD After Leaving College,'' is in electronic form and automatically directs participants to the designated questions based on the specific answers they check, so participants may not necessarily answer every question. The electronic questionnaire was created with ''SurveyCake Professional Edition''. The inclusion criteria were being without intellectual disorders. Participants self-reported whether they had ever been diagnosed with ASD, and individuals needed to have employment-related experience. For those who were currently employed, they were asked to describe the current job tenure, job search channels, job type, job category, working hours and conditions, salary method, salary, level of application of knowledge, and disclosure of obstacles in terms of frequency distribution or percentage. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 46 years old, with an average age of 26.5 years. Those currently employed are 56 adults, with 37 (66.1%) four-year university graduates being the largest number, followed by 13 master's degree graduates (23.2%). Overall, the average monthly salary of the 56 participants with mild ASD who are currently employed is NT$41,637, which is higher than the average salary of college graduates. The factors contributing to poor fit between individuals with mild ASD and their environments, as well as how to provide assistance to individuals with mild ASD through the vocational rehabilitation process, are areas that warrant further research in the future.