1980年至2020年高等教育在學率對國民所得成長的影響之探究

The Impact of Higher Education Enrollment Rate on National Income Growth From 1980 to 2020

本研究探討1980年至2020年86個國家高等教育在學率對於國民所得成長的影響。從世界銀行及行政院主計總處蒐集資料86個國家包括臺灣，以每10年為一波為測量，透過潛在成長曲線分析顯示：1980年至2020年86個國家國民所得及高等教育在學率成長都持續直線上升，每10年高等教育在學率平均以29.82%速度成長增加，而國民所得平均以1，380美元成長速度提升。1980年86個國家高等教育在學率對於1980年國民所得有提升效果；1980年高等教育在學率愈高對於1980至2020年86個國家國民所得成長影響有明顯提升；1980至2020年86個國家高等教育在學率成長速率對同期間的國民所得成長速率有提升效果。四十年來各國高等教育在學率持續擴充，不管在短期或長期都對86個國家國民所得成長有提升效果；然而臺灣逐年高等教育在學率擴充，仍無法連結經濟發展。各國政府應依國家經濟發展與社會需求提出政策需求規劃來因應。

The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of higher education enrollment rates on national income growth in 86 countries from 1980 to 2020. Data were collected from the World Bank and the Ac¬countant General Office of the Executive Yuan for a total of 86 countries, including Taiwan, and measured in waves every 10 years. Through latent growth curve analysis, it showed: From 1980 to 2020, the rate growth of national income and higher education rate in 86 countries has continued to rise linearly. The higher education enrollment rate has grown at an average rate of 29.82% every 10 years, while the average national income has grown at a rate of US$1,380. In 1980, higher education enrollment rates in 86 countries had an increasing effect on national income in 1980; higher education enrollment rates in 1980 had a significant impact on income growth in 86 countries from 1980 to 2020; in 86 countries from 1980 to 2020, the growth of higher education enrollment rate has an in¬creasing effect on the growth rate of national income in the same period. The characteristic of this study was that it found that over the past forty years, the enrollment rate of higher education in 86 countries has con¬tinued to expand. Especially after the expansion, it has had an improving effect on the income growth of 86 countries in both the short and long term. However, Taiwan’s higher education enrollment rate has expanded year by year, and it still cannot be maintained economic development. Governments of 86 countries should propose policy demand plans based on national economic development and social needs to respond.