国际上博士生规模与名额分配机制的案例研究

Case Study on International Experience of the Scale and Quota Allocation of PhD Students

我国著名高校的博士生培养往往面临着院系和导师之间争夺博士生名额的问题。为了解国外是否存在类似问题及其解决方式，本文作者对美国的俄亥俄州和乔治·华盛顿大学、英国的诺丁汉大学和香港的情况进行了调研。研究发现，这些学校并没有出现博士培养方面的供需矛盾，主要原因在于，国际上普遍的做法是层层放权，最后的决定权集中在基层的研究中心以及教师个体手中。这对我国高校的博士生名额分配机制有一定的启发意义。

China's well-known colleges and universities are often faced with dispute on quota allocation of Ph.D. candidates among supervisors and departments. In order to understand whether there are such problems abroad as well as how to solve them， we investigates the state of Ohio and George Washington University in the United States， University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong and found that the contradiction between supply and demand in Ph.D. training seemed not to appear there. It's mainly because of decentralization between supply and demand in Ph.D. training seemed not to appear there. It’s mainly because of decentralization at various levels which endows research centers and individual teachers with the right to make the final decision. This is thought-provoking for the policy-making of China universities in the future.