懷疑與不信任：從質性角度探討奈及利亞COVID-19疫苗猶豫的決定因素

Doubt and Distrust: Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Nigeria From a Qualitative Perspective

目的：本研究旨在探討奈及利亞民眾對COVID-19疫苗猶豫的決定因素，並分析他們在接種COVID-19疫苗過程中的決策方式。
方法：本研究採用質性研究方法，透過半結構式訪談，受訪者共有十八位。
結果：研究結果顯示，奈及利亞民眾對COVID-19疫苗的猶豫主要來自懷疑與不信任，其表現於以下幾方面：（1）對疫苗、製造商及現有疫苗知識的懷疑，（2）對政府的不滿與不信任，（3）對COVID-19疫情是否在的懷疑，（4）基於個人感知和信念的決策，以及（5）特定情境下的決定因素。此外，受訪者的決策過程呈現出三種不同的路徑：（1）猶豫後決定接種疫苗，（2）猶豫後選擇不接種疫苗，（3）起初願意接種但經過猶豫後最終未接種疫苗。
結論：本研究發現，懷疑與不信任是奈及利亞民眾對COVID-19疫苗猶豫的主要決定因素。值得注意的是，這種疫苗猶豫的現象並不限於特定社會經濟地位或教育程度的人。

Objectives: This research aimed to understand the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria, as well as understand the decision-making process behind the choice to vaccinate or not.
Methods: This research employed a qualitative research methodology, utilizing semi-structured interviews. Eighteen participants were selected using a purposive sampling procedure.
Results: The determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy identified in Nigeria were Doubt-based determinants: (1) Doubt in the vaccine, manufacturers and available vaccine knowledge, (2) Distrust and dissatisfaction in the government, and (3) Doubt in COVID-19’s existence, (4) Perceptions and beliefs-based determinants and (5) Situational determinants.
For the decision-making process, three pathways were identified: The Hesitant - Vaccinated Pathway, The Hesitant - Unvaccinated Pathway and The Willing - Hesitant - Unvaccinated Pathway.
Conclusions: Doubt was found to be a prominent determinant. Determinants were not limited to socioeconomic status, or education level.