中美高等教育机构分类的异同与走向分析

The Tendency and Comparison of Classification of Sino ─ American Higher Education Institutions

中美高等教育机构都经历了一个分类发展的历史过程，两国的分类实践与理论中，既有共同的地方也有不同的地方。一致的地方表现在两国的分类都体现了”重学术”的价值取向，分类的标准都呈现出一元化的特点，各种分类理论中，按能级划分的层级分类最受人们的关注。不同的地方表现在我国的高等教育机构分类带有明显的行政性，分类的理论滞后于实践等方面。今天，随着高等教育机构的日益多样化，要求建立一个多维的高等教育机构分类体系。

The classification of Sino ─ American higher education institutions have common places and also have different places. The classification of both two countries presents academy─oriented trends， the standards of classification are of the features of centralization and both two countries give much stress on the positioning of higher education institutions by the levels. In the meanwhile， China’s theory of classification lags behind the practice with the characteristics of administrative orders， the difference of classification is also reflected on the coordination models of higher education systems in both two countries. In the past decades， a multi─dimensional system of the classification institutions should be expounded with the variety of the institutions.