教育结果公平的测量及其对基础教育发展的启示

The Measurement of Educational Output Equity and its Implications to the Development of Elementary Education

基础教育质量均衡发展是教育公平的最终体现，如何对教育质量公平状况进行科学测量是教育研究中需要解决的一个问题。教育结果公平的测量起源于经济领域，常用的方法有计算绝对差异量数、相对差异量数以及对相对差异量数进行分解，其中核心的方法是相对差异量数分解，它深刻反映教育的不同侧面教育结果的影响。本文以实际数据为例计算了这三种统计指标，结果表明，学生个体差异是造成教育结果不公平现象的主要原因。

The balanced development of the elementary education’s quality is an ultimate embodiment of educational equity. A scientific measurement of the educational quality comes to be an unsolved problem in educational research. The measurement of educational output equity derives in economics， and the commonly used methods include the calculation of absolute measures of difference， relative measures of difference and a decomposition of relative measures of difference. These are the core methods and reflect the influence of various facets of education to educational output. Employing the real data， the indexes were all calculated. Results show that personal difference is the major reason for educational output inequity.