美国肯定性行动的政策变迁--基于支持联盟框架的分析

The Evolvement of the Affirmative Action Policy─The Analysis Based on the Framework of the Supportive Liaison

美国“肯定性行动”作为一项向弱势群体倾斜的补偿性政策，在美国教育公平的争论中扮演着极为特殊的角色。本研究认为，影响人们对肯定性行动政策基本态度的关键因素并不是利益或组织归属，而是不同群体的政策目标与价值偏好，即人们因为信仰系统的不同而形成了不同的价值联盟，从而影响了该政策的制定及变迁过程。支持实施肯定性行动和支持废除肯定性行动的两个联盟是该政策变迁中的两个基本联盟。

As a compensatory policy to the disadvantage groups， the affirmative action plays a very special role in the educational equity discussion in America. The current study argues that the key factors influencing individual's opinion towards the affirmative action is not their own interests or the different institutions they belong to， but the different policy goals and value system among them. That is different belief system cause different value system， which further influences the creation and development of affirmative action. Those who advocate for and those who abandon the affirmative action are two main liaisons， along the development of affirmative action.