精英的选拔：身份、地域与资本的视角--跨入北京大学的农家子弟(1978-2005)

Selection of Elites: Views from Social Status, Geographical Variation, and Capital Gaining--Case Study on Farmers' Children Who Get Admitted into Peking University (1978-2005)

研究以1978-2005年北京大学录取新生中的农村学生为对象，从时间维度上剖析这一群体所历经的身份之争，不同身份群体迈入北大的门槛有高低之分，以此揭示不同身份群体之间的利益博弈；从空间维度上揭示这一群体所遭遇的地域之别，不同类型的省市精英选拔圈子有宽窄之分，研究借此展示了优质基础教育资源的分布地图；从学科文化的角度，关注这一群体的专业选择以及其后资本转换的实践智慧。研究在彰显国家精英选拔中的制度与文化、结构与秩序之后，最后质疑精英选拔用形式公正的贤能主义遮蔽了招生中繁复的权力因素，而精英养成中的文化资本缺失、文化连带断裂更为堪忧。

This research targets the rural students who are among the newly admitted students to Peking University during the year from 1978 to 2005. Based on the time span， the study is aimed to illustrate， due to students' different social status， the conflicts and competitions emerge and remain during the selection. Moreover， based on the geographical factors， the study shows the variations of selection experienced by this group of students due to their various geographical backgrounds， which also maps out the degree of distribution in terms of resources used for quality basic education. Furthermore， considering the academic subject， the project looks at these students' choices of major and their wisdom of transforming academic learning into practical capital gaining. Overall， by examining the policy and culture， structure and order of the selection process， the author argues that the seemingly fair and merit-based way of selection indeed covers the complicated power factors that could manipulate the whole process. Meanwhile， the study suggests that the absence of cultural capital at individual level and the cultural discontinuity at societal level are problems that need to be seriously considered further