从精英到大众：战后英国高校招生政策评述

From Elite to Mass：Review of Postwar Admission Policy in British HEIs

战后60多年来，英国高等教育规模不断扩大，特别是在20世纪60年代至90年代，英国高等教育实碧了从精英向大众的转变，目前正快速向普及化迈进。高等教育规模的扩大并蕌没有从根本上改变入学机会不公的现，改革招生政策，实现高等教育机会平等一直是这一时期的主旋律。招生政策变革经历了三个阶段，代表性的政策文件分别是《罗宾斯报告》、《迪英尔报告》和《2004年高等教育法》，变革的焦点集中在入学途径、入学公平和财政资助。

Over the past sixty years after the two world wars， British higher education has undergone huge change and expansion. In the 1960s to the 1990s， it had transferred from an elite to a mass system. Since then it is on the way towards a universal system. Expansion of British higher education has not changed the conditions of its disparities in access. Hence reform o higher education admissions policy for equal opportunities has always been the main theme in the UK since the 1990s. Admission policy reforms have gone through three stages， each represented by a key document ─ the Robbins Report， the Dearing Report and the Higher Education Act 2004. The reforms focused on access， fairness and financial support.