世界知名大学建校时间的实证分析

Analysis of the Founding Years of World Known Universities

大学的建校和发展史是一个国家或地区高等教育发展史的缩影。本文调查了世界上 1000余所大学的建校时间，并重点分析了其中的500所世界知名大学。从它们的建校时间分布上可以看出世界高等教育中心的两次主要转移，二战后成立的世界知名大学中亚太地区的最多。大多数国家的大多数顶尖大学的成立时间都要早于国家建立（实行现行政治制度）的时间。通过分析各层次大学的建校时间，可以看出越是水平高的大学越需要长时间的积累。欧洲中世纪建立的大学中有70%仍然是世界知名大学，有16%位居世界一流。通过计算美国研究I型大学的建校历史和当前声誉之间的相关系数，可以发现学校历史是影响学校声誉的因素之一，但也仅仅是诸多因素之一。

The establishment and development of universities could be seen as a minature of higher education history of a country or region. The study analyzed the founding years of about 1，000 universities all over the world. Two main shifts in the location of world centre of higher education could be observed from the distribution of the founding year of world known universities（top 500 universities）. Asia─Pacific universities share the largest proportion of world known universities founded after 1945. For the majority of leading national universities in most countries， their founding years are earlier than those of their existing national political system. By comparing the founding year of universities in different levels， it could be concluded that the role of history tends to be more important for higher ranked universities. 70% of Europe’s medieval universities are still world known universities and 16% of them are listed as world─class universities. The study selects American Research Universities─Extensive as samples and calculates correlation coefficients between their current standing. The result shows that the length of history is just one of many factors that affect a university’s reputation.