中国大学本科生学习过程规律研究 ─ 以厦门大学为个案

Patterns of Undergraduate Learning Process in China：A Case Study of the Undergraduates at Xiamen University

把握高校教学过程规律是教学管理和质量保障的关键。本文以厦门为个案，选取该校 1996─2003级本科生为样本进行实证研究。通过实证分析，论文得出三大结论：学习过程类似衰减的马尔可夫链式过程，从大学第一学年到第四学年，呈现出相邻学习阶段相关性高、非相邻学习阶段相关性弱的规律性，学年的影响力随着年级升高表现为逐渐减弱的过程，但是管理类二、三学年影响力的减弱趋势不明显；大学第一学年在整个大学生涯中起到至关重要的作用。

Grasping the patterns of learning process in higher education institutions is key to academic management and quality assurance. This empirical study explores the learning process of the undergraduates enrolled between 1996 and 2003 at Xiamen University. The findings exhibit three main patterns：（1）the learning process runs like a declining Markov chain─from the first year to the fourth year， the correlation between neighbouring learning phases is significant， whereas the correlation between non─neighboring learning phases is not；（2）the influence of the accumulation of academic years decrease as the students move through their undergraduate study， except for second and third year students in management studies；the first term of the first year plays an significant role throughout undergraduate education.