中国教育公平程度实证研究：1978─2004 ─ 基于教育基尼系数的测算与分析

An Empirical Study on Education Equality Based on Education Gini Coefficient in China ：1978 ─2004

本文选择教育基尼系数作为教育公平程度的量化指针，估算了1978─2004年间我国历年教育公平程度。结果表明，我国总体教育公平程度较改革开放初期已有显著提高，然而与国际水平相比仍然较低，而且由于存在着显著的区域教育不平等与城乡教育不平等，教育水平提高对于经济增长与社会发展的促进作用受到显著影响。

Education equality can not only improve the harmonious development of society， but also improve economic growth. This paper calculates the Gini Coefficient of Education to assess the degree of education equality in China between 1978 and 2004. The result shows that overall education equality has increased remarkably since 1978， but it is lower than the international level. Due to China’s regional and rural─urban disparities in education， the positive effect of education on social development and economic growth has been constrained.