中西教师文化的历史演变

Historical Evolution on Sino ─ Western Teacher Culture

在文化领域中，教师文化作一种亚文化，与以传统文化为主要内容的主文化有着密不可分的联系。不同文化传统影响下的教师文化具有不同的演变轨迹和发展特征。圣贤文化、官僚文化和公仆文化依次是中国教师文化发展的历史轨迹，而西方教师文化的演变轨迹则依次表现为教仆文化、僧侣文化和专家文化。它们体现了文化比较中的殊相特征。在中西教师文化不同的演变历程中，也存在着一致性，即教师文化与历史发展、教师形象和教师知识的关系具有文化比较中的共相性。

Teacher culture， as a kind of subculture， has a close connection with master culture based on traditional culture. Different teacher culture has different evolution trace and developing feature. Chinese teacher culture develops from sacred culture， bureaucrat culture to public servant culture；meanwhile， western teacher culture develops from priestly culture， sacerdotal culture to expert culture. They present the comparative culture feature. During the process of western teachers’ cultural evolution， the consistency exists in the relationship between teacher culture and history development， teachers’ image and teachers’ knowledge.