理科问题解决中的多重表征模型及其教学价值

The Multiple Representation Model and its Instructional Value in Science Problem Solving

从现有研究状况来看，心理学领域的问题解决研究和学科问题解决及其教学研究之间仍然缺乏有机结合。以表征为切入点和突破口，指出了约翰斯顿所提出的表征类型和化学三角形的缺陷，依据表征对象的空间尺度和抽象程度，修正并扩展了表征类型的概念和关系，依据认知的深刻程度建立了多重表征模型，深入阐述了该模型的结构、特征及其教学价值。多重表征模型可以较好地阐释学习的过程并指导教学实践，是构建认知理论和理科学科教学实践之间的桥梁。

The research of problem solving in psychology area and in subject education area and its teaching research are still not combined well by now. Starting from representation， the paper points out the disadvantages of three kinds of representations and the chemistry triangle brought forward by Johnstone；revises and extends the concepts and relationships of the representations based on the space and abstract of representational objects；and builds a multiple representation model upon the degree of cognition， whose structures， characteristics and instructional value are analyzed in detailed. The model can well interpret the learning process and guide the teaching practice. It is a bridge of learning theory and teaching practice in science subjects.