基础教育教师收入对师资供给的影响

The Effects on Teacher Supply of Teacher Compensation in Basic Education

教师队伍的规模与质量是师资供给的两个重要方面。从经济学角度看，与其它职业相比较而言的教师相对收入水平是师资供给的决定性因素。教师相对收入水平不仅会影响劳动者对于教师职业的从业意愿，而且会影响教师队伍的流失率，从而会对教师队伍的规模产生影响。教师相对收入虽然在短期内对教师质量没有显著影响，但是两者的长期变化趋势却是一致的；从地域上看，优秀教师趋向于在教师收入较高的地区任教。然而，确定教师的相对收入水平是一个比较复杂的问题，在如何定义收入以及选取收入比较的时间间隔和对照职业等方面都需要谨慎处理。

The quantity and the quality of teachers are two important dimensions of teacher supply. From the point of view of economics， the relative pay level of teachers compared with other professions is the decisive factor of teacher supply. It will not only affect the willingness of labours to choose teaching as a career， but also affect the rate of loss of teachers， which thus will have influences on teacher quantity. In the short run， teacher pay increases do not appear to have significant effects on the quality of teachers. In the long run， however， trends in relative teacher pay seem to coincide with trends in teacher quality .Fro a geographical point of view， excellent teachers tend to teach in the districts with higher teacher pay. But how to compare teacher pay with that of some comparison group is a complex issue. Such comparisons depend in part on how compensation is defined， on the pay interval and the reference group chosen.