关于科学教育的几点哲学省思

Several Philosophic Reflections on Scientific Education

新时期科学教育（主要指自然科学教育）面临着新的挑战。在科学知识教育层面，后现代知识观尤其是科学知识社会学，怀疑甚至消解了科学知识具有的客观真理性。为此，坚持唯物认识路线，认清科学知识被赋予客观真理性因素的机制，是当前科学知识教育应澄清的基本前提；在科学方法教育层面，由于学生个体科学认识存在局限性，所以”从被动接受转向主动探究”这个凸显人本主义的流行说法，不应成为科学方法教育应该坚持的科学的方法论。应多样综合地运用教育有意义讲授与学生主动探究等多种不同教学方法，以培养学生科学方法意识价值，警惕将科学精神与人文精神分离、对立的倾向。

Influenced by western Philosophy， scientific education（mainly education of natural science） is facing new challenges at the new time. At the level of education of scientific knowledge， the post─modern knowledge concept， especially the sociology of scientific knowledge suspect， even have abolished the truth that scientific knowledge possesses. Therefore， persisting in the views on materialism， dealing with the relationship between reaction and construction during the production of scientific knowledge correctly， and identifying the mechanism by which the scientific knowledge is endowed with the truth， are the basic premise to the current education of scientific knowledge which should be clarified. At the level of the teaching methods， as the individual student’s cognition has limitations， the popular saying “transform from passive acceptance to active exploration”， which presents the humanism， should not be taken as the scientific methodology to which scientific education advocated. We should apply various teaching methods comprehensively to cultivate students’ awareness of scientific methods and the ability of practice， such as teachers’ meaningful teaching and students’ awareness of scientific methods and the ability of practice， such as teachers’ meaningful teaching and students’ scientific and rational spirit should be fostered， at the same time， we should be vigilant the tendency that scientific spirit is separated from or against the spirit of humanism.