中国社会学社区学派与教育制度研究

Chinese Community School in Sociology and Research on Educational Institutions

中国社会学社区学派在1949年前以费孝通等为代表在教育制度研究方面形成了一定的学术传统，如强调以社区为研究单位，重视田野调查，采整体论和功能论的立场，把教育制度放在一定的社会结构之中进行探讨等；1980年以来，社区学派的传统得到了恢复和发展，但这种研究传统在研究领和研究方法上存在着一些局限，费孝通等学者试图克服这些局限，发展社研究方法；同时，西方制度理论与组织理论在场域研究层次上的结合也为社区学派研究传统的革新提供了借鉴，这可能会使社区学派的研究出现一些新的趋势和变化。

The scholars of Chinese community school in sociology， with Fei Xiaotong as one of representatives， developed the academic traditions in study of educational institutions before 1949. The traditions include seeing community as research unit， emphasizing on doing field work， taking holism and functionalism views and discussing the educational institutions in certain social structure etc. Since 1980， the tradition has been restored and developed. But there are some shortcomings of the school in the research fields and approaches. Some scholars， including Fei Xiaotong， tried to overcome these limitations and develop community research approach；meanwhile， the combination of institutional theory and organizational theory at the field level in western sociology also provides some suggestion for the innovation of the community school， which may lead to some new trends and changes in their research.