韦伯的学术自由思想及其当代反思

Max Weber's Thoughts on Academic Freedom and its Contemporary Reflection

韦伯认为学术自由受侵犯的主要原因来自于大学内外的官僚体制。因此，对外，他主张大学自治；对内，他主张教师职业自由、价值中立，并将学者对其学术责任的承担当作完善内心「积极自由」的一种方式。他的学术自由思想引发我们对诸如大学管理机构权限与大学自治限度、大学利益之保障与教师职业自由之限制、学术官僚化与学者权利之保障、价值中立与教师教学自由的道德限度等问题以深刻思考。

In Max Weber's opinion， the main reason that academic freedom was infringed came from the bureaucratic institutions existing in and out of university. So， outward， Weber claimed institution autonomy; inward， he claimed teachers' professional freedom and value free; and he alleged that scholars assumed academic duties and regarded that it could redound to achieving scholastic inner ＂positive freedom＂. Weber's thoughts on academic freedom weaken our deep reflection on these relationships between the purview of university administrative body and the limitation of institution autonomy， the insurance of university’s interests and the limitation of teacher’s professional freedom， the academic bureaucratization and the guarantee of scholars’ rights， value free and the moral limitation to teachers’ teaching freedom etc.