多元運動方案介入對社區高齡者功能性體適能之成效探討

Effects of Multicomponent Exercises Program Intervention on Functional Fitness among Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults

本研究旨在評估社區高齡者身體活動量與肌少、衰弱情形，並探討8週多元運動方案介入對高齡者功能性體適能之成效。採實驗研究設計，單一組別前後測，每週1次，連續進行8週。以描述統計方式、相依樣本t檢定，了解社區高齡者身體活動量與肌少、衰弱之狀況，以及於運動方案介入前與第12週時進行體適能檢測，檢視前後兩次結果之差異。研究發現：(一)肌少症高危險群與衰弱症比例分別為15.8%、26.3%，與其身體活動量不足、罹患慢性疾病數有關；(二)8週多元運動方案介入，參與者在上下肢肌力與肌耐力、下肢柔軟度、動態平衡與敏捷性皆有達顯著差異；上肢柔軟度、靜態平衡與心肺適能方面未達顯著差異，與上肢伸展訓練、平衡訓練與有氧運動的強度與持續時間尚不足有關。本研究運動方案具有鼓勵社區高齡者規律運動之自我效能，但對體弱的高齡者返家後自行運動效能低。本運動方案介入可作為社區保健預防推展之參考。

The aim of this study was to assess the level physical activity and the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty in a group of community-dwelling elderly adults who participated in an eight-week exercise program. In addition, the study examined the effectiveness on functional fitness of the participants after the eight-week intervention of multicomponent exercises program (MCEP). This research adopted one-group pretest-posttest design, and the course was performed once a week while the MCEP lasted for eight consecutive weeks. A paired-sample t-test was conducted to analyze the improvement on the elderly’s functional fitness four weeks after MCEP was completed. The results of the study showed that the proportionality of high-risk group of sarcopenia and frailty were 15.8% and 26.3%, respectively, and they were associated with the lack of physical activities and the number of people suffering from chronic diseases. In addition, the participants had significant improvements in the performances of chair stand, arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, dynamic equilibrium, and 8-foot up-and-go tests after the MCEP. However, the performances of back scratch, static balance, and 2-min step tests did not have significant changes, which may be associated with the lack of strength and duration of upper limb flexibility, balance training and aerobic exercise. The research concluded that an eight-week MCEP was effective in encouraging elderly adults to exercise regularly, though the probability of autonomous physical exercise after returning home was low for the physically frail adults. The intervention of this exercise program can serve as a reference for health prevention and promotion in communities.